Securing Seed

It has been already intimated more seed will be

obtained when the clover has been pastured or cut back with the mower.

(See page 233.) When the mower is used, it should not be set to cut

quite low, or the subsequent growth will not be so vigorous as it would

otherwise be. The state of growth at which the clover ought to be cut

will be influenced by the luxuriance of the growth, but ordinarily

clover seed should not be more than 6 to 8 inches high when the mower is

used. What is thus cut by the mower is left on the ground as a mulch.

Mowing the crop thus will also be helpful in destroying weeds, but some

weeds will sprout again and mature seed as quickly as the clover.



When mammoth clover is neither pastured nor mown early in the season,

when grown for seed some kinds of weeds may be prevented from going to

seed in it by cutting them off with the scythe. When not too plentiful

they may be removed with the spud. Among the more troublesome weeds that

infest mammoth clover are the Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), the

plantain (Plantago lanceolata), and in some instances the horse nettle

(Solanum Carolinense) and spring nightshade (Solanum).



The yields of the clover seed will be much influenced by the character

of the weather. Excessive rankness in the crop and excessive rainfall

during the blossoming season are adverse to abundant seed production.

But the seed crop is more injured by drought than by too much rain. When

injured by drought the growth will not be sufficiently strong, or, if it

is, the blossoms will be of a pale red tint. Warm winds while the seed

is forming are also adverse to seed production, since they cause the

crop to mature too quickly. Some experience will enable the capable

observer to forecast with no little certainty the probable yield of the

seed. If the indications point to a yield of seed less than 2 bushels

per acre, it is deemed more profitable, as a rule, to cut the crop for

hay. Large heads of a rich dark purple shade accompanied by vigor in the

entire plant are indicative of abundant seed production.



The crop is ready for being harvested when a majority of the heads have

ripened so far that the bloom on them is all gone and the shade of color

in the head has not yet become brown. If left until a majority of the

heads are brown many of them will break off while being harvested. The

crop is usually cut with a self-rake reaper, but it may be cut with a

mower. When cut by either method the sheaves should be made small, so

that they will dry out quickly.



It is important that the crop shall be threshed before it is rained on,

as one thorough wetting will so far bedim the attractive brightness as

compared with seed that has not been rained on that it will considerably

discount the price that would otherwise be obtained for it. It is

usually threshed with a huller, but may also be threshed like the medium

red variety by a grain separator with a suitable attachment.



The yields of the seed vary much. Instances are on record where as much

as 11 or 12 bushels per acre have been reaped, but ordinarily even on

good producing soils the yields are not more than 4 to 5 bushels per

acre, and under ordinary conditions for the production of mammoth clover

they are even less than the amount named. Notwithstanding the greater

strength of the plants, the seeds are apparently no larger than those of

the medium red variety, nor can they be distinguished from them unless

by an expert.