STOCK

Mathiola. Annual and biennial half-hardy



From the botanical standpoint Stocks comprise two main classes--the

Annual and the Biennial. So accommodating as to treatment is this

extensive family, however, that by selecting suitable sorts and sowing

at appropriate periods, it is not difficult to obtain a succession of

these delightful flowers the year through. With this object in view, our

notes are divided into four sections covering the cycle of the seasons,

as follows: Summer-flowering, or Ten-week; Intermediate varieties, for

autumn-flowering; Winter-flowering; and Spring-flowering.



Summer-flowering, or Ten-week Stocks.--These annual varieties include

a wonderful range of colours, as well as considerable diversity in the

habit of growth. For their brightness, durability, and fragrance they

are deservedly popular. It is usual to sow the seed under glass from the

middle to the end of March. Pans or shallow boxes, filled with sweet

sandy soil, make the best of seed-beds, and it may be well to say at

once that no plants pay better for care and attention than the subjects

now under consideration. Sow thinly, that the plants may have room to

become stout while yet in the seed-bed, and from the very outset

endeavour to impart a hardy constitution by giving air freely whenever

the weather is suitable. This does not mean that they are to be

subjected to some cutting blast that will cripple the plants beyond

redemption, but that no opportunity should be lost of partial or entire

exposure whenever the atmosphere is sufficiently genial to benefit

them. If a cold frame on a spent hot-bed can be spared, it may be

utilised by pricking off the seedlings into it, or the pans and boxes

may simply be placed under its protection. The nearer the seedlings can

be kept to the glass, the less will be the disposition to become leggy.

In transplanting to the open ground, it is worth some trouble to induce

each plant to carry a nice ball of soil attached to its roots.



On light, friable land, Ten-week Stocks can be successfully grown from

sowings made in the open about the end of April. The character of the

season must be some guide to the time chosen, and the sowing in this

case should be rather thicker than in the seed-pans. Should the seed

germinate well, severe thinning will have to be practised as growth

demands. This method of culture entirely prevents loss by mildew, which

so often proves fatal to young transplanted seedlings. It is difficult

to make the soil too good for them, and there is no comparison between

Stocks grown on a poor border and those grown in luxuriance. Some

growers make a little trench for each row of seed, and this affords a

certain degree of protection from cutting winds, and also forms a

channel for water when there is a necessity for administering it. In a

showery season, the plants will appear in about twelve days, but in dry

weather it will be longer, and one or more gentle morning waterings may

be necessary to bring them up. The distance between the rows must be

determined by the variety. Nine inches is sufficient for the dwarf

sorts; twelve or fifteen inches will not be too much for medium and tall

kinds.



Slugs may be kept off by a dusting of soot or wood-ashes, and some

precaution must also be adopted to prevent birds from disturbing the

seed-bed.



Here it may be well to mention a fact which is not always remembered,

although the knowledge of it is generally assumed. Seed can only be

saved from single flowers, but those who have made a study of the

business find little difficulty in selecting plants, and treating them

in such a manner that seed obtained from them will produce a large

percentage of double blossoms in the following generation. But the

experience of the most skilled growers has not enabled them to save seed

which will result entirely in double-flowering plants; and this is

scarcely to be regretted, for the perpetuation of the race is dependent

on single flowers. In keeping the various colours true there is one very

awkward fact. Certain sorts invariably produce a difference in colour

between the double and single flowers.



Intermediate Stocks form a valuable succession to the

Summer-flowering, or Ten-week varieties. From seed sown in gentle heat

in February or March, the plants usually commence flowering when the

earlier varieties are beginning to fade, and will continue to bloom

until winter sets in. It is also easy to grow the Intermediate section

in pots for spring decoration, if the protection of a house or pit can

be given during the winter to preserve them from frost. A simple plan is

to sow in August or early in September five or six seeds in 48-sized

pots. Thin to three plants in each, and of course a larger pot with more

plants can be used when desirable. Give air whenever possible, and water

regularly. There is no need for artificial heat; indeed, it is not well

to hurry the plants in any way. A good top-dressing of rich soil is

advisable before flowering, and as the buds appear, manure water, weak

at first, but gradually increased in strength, may be given once a week

until in full bloom.



Winter-flowering Stocks.--During the winter months Stocks afford an

immense amount of pleasure. They are particularly welcome at Christmas,

and to insure flowering plants at that season of the year suitable

varieties, such as Christmas Pink or Beauty of Nice, should be selected,

and a start made in June. As soon as the first leaf is attained, prick

off three seedlings in a three-inch pot; place in a cool frame under a

north wall, keeping the light off all day until they are ready for

another shift into six-inch pots. Use three parts of good yellow loam

and one part of leaf-soil--no sand. Pot firmly and restore to the frame

until the plants start growing, when they may be removed to the

greenhouse. Manure water, not too strong, once a week is beneficial, and

pure water should be given sparingly. Keep near the glass and ventilate

freely. Further sowings made in July and August will extend the supply

of flowers.



Spring-flowering Stocks, which include the popular Brompton strain,

come into flower in spring and early summer. Although in some seasons it

may answer to sow where the plants are required to bloom, the practice

is too precarious to be risked generally. A safer method is to sow in

seed-pans in June or July. Place these under shelter until the plants

are an inch high, then stand them in the open for a week before

transplanting. Have ready a piece of freshly-dug soil, and on a dull day

put them out at eight to twelve inches apart. If the growth is too rapid

during September, it may be advisable to lift them and plant again, for

the winter must not find them soft and succulent. There should be hard

stems and sturdy growth to carry them through the cold weather. In

districts that are specially unfavourable it may be necessary to pot

each plant singly in the 60-size, and plunge these in ashes in a cold

frame, or under the shelter of a south wall, until severe weather is

past, and they can then be turned out into the borders.